Trends and developments in hip and knee arthroplasty technology

In a recent review “Trends and Developments in hip and knee arthroplasty technology,” 1 hip resurfacing has been highlighted as one of the most interesting trends and developments in the field of arthroplasty.

With over 40+ years of well-documented resurfacing implant history, Marsh (et al, 2021) acknowledged that hip resurfacing is perhaps a surprising choice to regard as a “new technology”.  

Due to advancements being made, notable developments in recent years have included ceramic hip resurfacing, and metal-on-polyethylene hip resurfacing.

Key points mentioned:

-         Hip resurfacing surgery provides an alternative to more conventional hip replacements for the treatment of hip arthritis.

-         Hip resurfacings preserve femoral bone stock compared to conventional hip arthroplasty.

-         Larger size femoral head articulation results in a biomechanically more stable joint.

-         Hip resurfacing has been shown to offer lower dislocation rates and superior functional outcomes for younger active patients compared to total hip arthroplasty.

-         Metal on polyethylene has the potential to minimize metal ion release and reduce the potential for stress shielding due to the lower stiffness of polyethylene.

The review has focused on the “most exciting” strategies and developments in hip and knee arthroplasty, which also included: mini stem total hip arthroplasty; dual mobility total hip; cementless total knee arthroplasty; implant surface modification; additive manufacturing, and custom implants; and robotic-assisted surgery. All of which has the overarching aim of improving patient outcomes.

JM Comments

This review recognizes the technological advancements that have been made within hip resurfacing over the last several years and identifies the key benefits of alternative bearing materials being explored in this space. This is particularly encouraging for younger, active patients who wish to maintain their lifestyle without limitations.

Reference

1.      Marsh M, Newman S. Trends and developments in hip and knee arthroplasty technology. J Rehabil Assist Technol Eng. 2021 Feb 8;8:2055668320952043. doi: 10.1177/2055668320952043. PMID: 33614108; PMCID: PMC7874345.